AP Biology Mitosis/Meiosis
| Nucleoli are present during _____. | interphase |
| Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____. | telophase |
| Chromosomes become visible during _____. | prophase |
| Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____. | anaphase |
| Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____. | prometaphase |
| During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____. | two chromosomes and four chromatids |
| During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided. | the mitotic phase |
| During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes. | interphase |
| DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called _________________, which separate during mitosis. | sister chromatid(s) |
| After chromosomes condense, the ______________ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other. | centromere(s) |
| During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _______________. | kinetochore(s) |
| In dividing cells, most of the cell’s growth occurs during _____________. | interphase |
| The _________________ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division. | mitotic spindle(s) |
| During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called _______________. | chromatin |
| In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ______________, when the rest of the cell divides. | cytokinesis |
| The __________________ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis. | centrosome(s) |
| prophase (mitosis) | -cohesions join sister chromatids of duplicated chromosome -tublins assemble into spindle microtubules |
| prometaphase (mitosis) | microtubules attach to kinetochores |
| metaphase (mitosis) | kinetochores are motionless in relation to poles of cell |
| anaphase (mitosis) | -kinetochores move toward poles of cell -cohesions break down |
| telophase (mitosis) | spindle microtubules disassemble |
| _____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer. | fat |
| asexual reproduction | A single individual is reproducing. |
| Human gametes are produced by _____. | |
| Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes. | 23 |
| A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes. | 16 |
| At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids. | |
| Synapsis occurs during _____. | prophase I |
| Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____. | anaphase I |
| During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell. | metaphase II |
| At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells. | telophase II |
| During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell. | |
| If crossing over did not occur…. | There would be less genetic variation among gametes. |
| During what stage of mitosis do chromosomes become condensed? | prophase |
| During what stage do centrioles start to move apart in animal cells? | prophase |
| When does a cell make the commitment for another cell cycle? | at the transition between G1 and S |
| A cell in G2 has 0.8 picograms (pg) of DNA. How much DNA did that cell have in G1? | 0.4 pg |
| Describe CDK | present throughout the cell cycle and is an enzyme that attaches phosphate groups to other proteins |
| During mitotic anaphase, where do chromosomes migrate? | from equatorial plate toward the poles |
| If a cell undergoes mitosis without cytokinesis, it’d result in… | cells with more than one nucleus |
| MPF | triggers the cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis |
| Plant cells typically have ____________, but animal cells don’t. | cell walls |
| Describe “cleavage furrow” | a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei |
| Complete cell cycle consists of: | interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis |